Bushnell Telescope 78 4501 User Manual

Telescope  
Instruction  
Manual  
78-4501 114mm RefLECtor  
Lit. #: 91-0246/06-01  
 
WHERE DO I START?  
Your Bushnell telescope can bring the wonders of the universe to your eyes. While  
this manual is intended to assist you in the set-up and basic use of this instrument,  
it does not cover everything you might like to know about astronomy. It is  
recommended you obtain a very simple star chart and a flashlight with a red bulb  
or red cellophane over the end. For objects other than stars and constellations, a  
basic guide to astronomy is a must. Some recommended sources appear on our  
for suggested viewing. But, some of the standbys that you can see are:  
The Moon—A wonderful view of our lunar neighbor can be enjoyed with any  
magnification. Try viewing at different phases of the moon. Lunar highlands, lunar  
maria (lowlands called "seas" for their dark coloration), craters, ridges and  
mountains will astound you.  
SaturnEven at the lowest power you should be able to see Saturns rings and  
moons. This is one of the most satisfying objects in the sky to see simply because  
it looks like it does in pictures. Imagine seeing what youve seen in textbooks or  
NASA images from your backyard!  
JupiterThe largest planet in our solar system is spectacular. Most noted features  
are its dark stripes or bands both above and below its equator. These are the north  
and south equatorial belts. Also interesting are Jupiters four major moons. Pay  
close attention to their positions from night to night. They appear to be lined up on  
either side of Jupiter.  
MarsThe Great Red Planet appears as a reddish-orange disk. Look at different  
times of the year and try to catch a glimpse of the white polar ice caps.  
VenusJust like the moon, Venus changes phases from month to month. At times  
Venus appears brilliantly in the night sky, just as if you were looking at a distant crescent  
moon.  
NebulaeThe Great Orion Nebula is a very well known night sky object. This and many  
others are brought to you by this telescope.  
Star ClustersView millions of stars densely packed in a cluster that resembles a ball.  
GalaxiesOne of the greatest and most interesting galaxies is our neighbor, the  
Andromeda Galaxy. Enjoy this and many others.  
3.  
 
Parts Diagrams  
78-4501 114mm Reflector  
Telescope Parts Diagram  
1. Wide Field Finderscope  
2. Cradles  
9. Tripod Leg Lock  
10. Declination Lock Knob  
11. Counterweight Shaft  
12. Counterweight  
3. Telescope Main Tube  
4. Primary Mirror (Internal)  
5. Latitude Lock Knob  
6. Tripod Leg  
13. Fine Adjustment Cables  
14. Rack and Pinion Focusing Mechanism  
7. Accessory Tray Brace  
8. Accessory Tray  
15. Eyepiece  
16. Finderscope Mount  
4.  
 
QUICK ASSEMBLY DIAGRAM  
78-4501 114mm  
Reflector  
Step 5  
Step 2  
Step 3  
Counterweight  
Step 4  
Counterweight  
Shaft  
Step 1  
1. Spread tripod legs and attach accessory tray.  
2. Attach telescope tube to pre-assembled Equatorial Mount with pre-attached tripod legs.  
3. Attach Fine Adjustment Knobs.  
4. Attach counterweight over counterweight shaft and attach to Equatorial Mount.  
5. Attach Finderscope over mounting bolts and replace attachment nuts.  
PARTS LIST  
Adjustable Aluminum Tripod Assembly  
(Three Legs)  
Wide Field Finderscope  
20mm 1.25" Diameter Eyepiece  
4mm 1.25" Diameter Eyepiece  
Barlow Lens  
Accessory Tray  
Reflector Telescope Assembly  
Equatorial Mount  
5.  
 
DETAILED ASSEMBLY  
Remove all components from the carton and identify all components. READ THROUGH ASSEMBLY  
INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE YOU ASSEMBLE YOUR TELESCOPE.  
Attach Accessory Tray and Telescope  
1. Fold down the accessory tray braces and place the Accessory Tray on top of braces. Attach  
Accessory Tray with three small accessory tray bolts and nuts (included).  
2. Locate the pre-assembled Tripod and Equatorial Mount. Remove attachment bolts at top of  
Equatorial Mount. Attach Telescope Main Tube, pre-assembled in Cradles, to the top of the  
Equatorial Mount. Secure in place by reinserting bolts through Equatorial Mount into base plate of  
Telescope Cradles.  
Attach Fine Adjustment Cables, Counterweight, and Finderscope  
1. Locate the Fine Adjustment Cables. Screw the silver collars, located at the end of the Fine Adjustment  
Cables, to the corresponding silver posts found on the Equatorial Mount.  
2. Locate the Counterweight and Counterweight Shaft. Loosen the thumb screw located on the  
Counterweight and slide the Counterweight onto the Counterweight Shaft, and tighten thumb screw to  
secure the Counterweight. Thread the Counterweight Shaft into the hole located directly below the  
Declination Lock Knob. Make sure that the shaft is securely locked into mount.  
3. Locate the Finderscope with pre-assembled Finderscope Mount. Remove the two nuts located near  
the front of the telescope (closest to the eyepiece) and place the Finderscope and Finderscope Mount  
over the exposed screws. Replace the nuts, and securely tighten the Finderscope and Finderscope  
Mount in place.  
4. Adjust tripod leg height to suit by opening tripod leg lock and extending tripod legs to desired height.  
TightenTripod Leg Lock when complete.  
5. Remove objective dust cover and finderscope dust cover ensuring that the entire diameter of the  
telescope tube is exposed.  
6. Insert Eyepiece into focusing tube to begin viewing.  
6.  
 
HOW TO USE YOUR NEW TELESCOPE  
Selecting an Eyepiece  
1. You should always start viewing with the lowest power eyepiece, which in this case is the  
20 mm lens. Note: the base power of each eyepiece is determined by the focal length of the  
telescope objective lens. A formula can be used to determine the power of each eyepiece:  
telescope OBJECTIVE lens focal length divided by EYEPIECE focal length =  
MAGNIFICATION (e.g. Using the 20 mm lens, a sample calculation would look like this:  
900 mm / 20mm = 45x or 45 power. Telescope models will vary in focal length.)  
2. Included with this telescope is a Barlow lens. Barlow lenses are used to double or triple the  
power of your telescope. Place your Barlow between the focusing tube and the eyepiece.  
Using the example above, your 3x Barlow lens would give you a total power of 135x or  
135 power. (45 x 3 = 135x or 135 power). The magnification calculation would look like this:  
900 mm/ 20mm =45 power. 45 power x 3 = 135 power.  
Focusing Telescope  
1. After selecting the desired eyepiece, aim main telescope tube at a land-based target at least  
200 yards away (e.g. a telephone pole or building).  
2. Fully extend focusing tube by turning Rack and Pinion Focusing Mechanism.  
3. While looking through selected eyepiece (in this case the 20 mm), slowly retract focusing tube  
by turning Rack and Pinion Focusing Mechanism until object comes into focus.  
Aligning Finderscope  
1. Look through Main Telescope Tube and establish a well-defined target. (see Focusing  
Telescope section)  
2. Looking through Wide Field Finderscope, alternate tightening each Finderscope Adjustment  
Screw until crosshairs of Wide Field Finderscope are precisely centered on the same object  
already centered in Main Telescope Tube's field of view.  
3. Now, objects located first with the Wide Field Finderscope will be centered in the field of view  
of the main telescope.  
Never Look Directly At The Sun With  
Your Telescope  
Permanent Damage  
To Your Eyes May Occur  
7.  
 
HOW TO USE YOUR NEW TELESCOPE (CONTINUED)  
Understanding the Equatorial Mount  
The Equatorial Mount is designed to move in any direction. It can be set to allow manual controls  
to track the movements of celestial bodies across the sky. This is referred to as diurnal movement:  
movement of celestial bodies in the direction opposite to that of the earths rotation and around  
the earths axis.  
By aligning the telescopes polar axis at celestial North, you will place the telescope parallel with  
the earths axis and thus be able to locate stars in the sky based on star atlas information.  
1. Set up the telescope at night. Loosen the Declination Lock Knob and rotate the telescope  
around the declination axis until the arrow on the declination scale points to 90 degrees.  
Tighten the Declination Lock Knob.  
2. Look up the latitude of your area in any geographical atlas. Loosen the Latitude Lock Knob  
and set the latitude scale to the correct latitude for your area. Aim the Finderscope at Polaris.  
You will probably notice that Polaris is not dead center in the Finderscopes field of view. This  
is probably because your telescope is not absolutely level with the ground. Loosen the  
Horizontal Axis Lock Knob again and turn the telescope so that it is directly aimed at Polaris.  
Tighten both the Horizontal Axis Lock Knob and Latitude Lock Knob. Polaris is 1 degree from  
the North celestial pole. Therefore, the sighting of stars will have to be slightly adjusted as you  
locate them in the heavens.  
LATITUDE  
N
N
EARTH’S AXIS  
(CELESTIAL AXIS)  
POLAR  
AXIS  
S
S
POLAR AXIS & EARTH’S AXIS  
8.  
 
M
ENJOYING YOUR NEW TELESCOPE  
1. First determine your targeted object. Any bright object in the night sky is a good starting  
point. One of the favorite starting points in astronomy is the moon. This is an object sure  
to please any budding astronomer or experienced veteran. When you have developed  
proficiency at this level, other objects become good targets. Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, and  
Venus are good second steps to take.  
2. The first thing you need to do after assembling the telescope as planned is center the  
desired object in the finderscopes crosshairs. Provided you did a reasonable job aligning  
the finderscope, a quick look through the main telescope tube at low power should reveal  
the same image. With the lowest power eyepiece (the one with the largest number printed  
on it) you should be able to focus the same image that you saw through the finderscope.  
Avoid the temptation to move directly to the highest power. The low power eyepiece  
will give you a wider field of view, and brighter imagethus making it very easy to  
find your target object. At this point with a focused image in both scopes, youve passed  
the first obstacle. If you dont see an image after attempting to focus it in, you might  
consider aligning your finderscope again. Once you pass this step, you will enjoy the time  
spent ensuring a good alignment. Every object you center in the finderscope will be easily  
found in the main telescope tube, which is important for continuing your exploration of  
the night sky.  
3. The low power eyepieces are perfect for viewing the full moon, planets, star clusters,  
nebulae, and even constellations. These should build your foundation. However, for more  
detail, try bumping up in magnification to higher power eyepieces on some of these  
objects. During calm and crisp nights, the light/dark separation line on the moon (called the  
"Terminator") is marvelous at high power. You can see mountains, ridges and craters jump  
out at you due to the highlights. Similarly, you can move up to higher magnifications on the  
planets and nebulae. Star clusters and individual stars are best viewed through the low  
power no matter what.  
4. The recurring astronomical theater we call the night sky is an ever-changing billboard. In  
other words, the same movie doesnt play all the time. Rather, the positions of the stars  
change not only hourly as they seem to rise and set, but also throughout the year. As the  
earth orbits the sun our perspective on the stars changes on a yearly cycle about that orbit.  
The reason the sky seems to move daily just as the sun and the moon "move" across our  
sky is that the earth is rotating about its axis. As a result you may notice that after a few  
minutes or a few seconds depending on what power you are viewing at, the objects in your  
telescope will move. At higher magnifications especially, you will notice that the moon or  
Jupiter will "race" right out of the field of view. To compensate, just move your telescope to  
"track" it in the necessary path.  
9.  
 
M
HELPFUL HINTS  
1. Your telescope is a very sensitive instrument. For best results and fewer vibrations set your telescope up on a level location  
on the ground rather than your concrete driveway or your wooden deck. This will provide a more stable foundation for viewing,  
especially if youve drawn a crowd with your new telescope.  
2. If possible view from a location that has relatively few lights. This will allow you to see much fainter objects. Youd be surprised  
how much more youll see from your local lake or park when compared to a backyard in the city.  
3. Using your telescope out a window is NEVER recommended.  
4. View objects that are high in the sky if possible. Waiting until the object rises well above the horizon will provide a  
brighter and crisper image. Objects on the horizon are viewed through several layers of earths atmosphere. Ever  
wonder why the moon appears orange as it sets on the horizon? Its because you are looking through a considerable  
more amount of atmosphere than you would directly overhead. (Note: If objects high in the sky are distorted or wavy,  
you are probably viewing on a very humid night.) During nights of unstable atmosphere, viewing through a telescope  
can be frustrating if not impossible. Astronomers refer to crisp, clear nights as nights of "good seeing."  
WARRANTY / REPAIR  
®
Your Bushnell telescope is warranted to be free of defects in materials and workmanship for the lifetime of the  
original owner. The Lifetime Limited Warranty is an expression of our confidence in the materials and mechanical  
workmanship of our products and is your assurance of a lifetime of dependable service.  
If your telescope contains electrical components the electronic components are warranted to be free of defects in  
materials and workmanship for one year after date of purchase.  
In the event of a defect under this warranty, we will, at our option, repair or replace the product, provided that you  
return the product postage prepaid. This warranty does not cover damages caused by misuse or improper  
handling, installation or maintenance of the product.  
Any return made under this warranty  
must be accompanied by the items listed below:  
1) A check in the amount of $15.00 to cover the cost of handling  
2) Name and address for product return  
3) An explanation of the defect  
4) Product should be well packed in a sturdy outside shipping carton to prevent damage in  
transit and return postage prepaid to the address listed below:  
IN U.S.A. Send To:  
Bushnell Performance Optics  
8500 Marshall Drive  
IN CANADA Send To:  
Bushnell Performance Optics  
25A East Pearce Street, Unit 1  
Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 2M9  
Lenexa, Kansas 66214  
For products purchased outside the United States and Canada please contact your local dealer for applicable  
warranty information. This warranty gives you specific legal rights. You may have other rights which vary from  
country to country.  
© 2001 Bushnell Corporation  
10.  
 
M
NOTES  
11.  
 

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