Crown Audio Stereo Amplifier D 45 User Manual

D Series  
30  
30  
OFF  
ON  
CHANNEL  
1
CHANNEL  
2
40  
20  
40  
20  
50  
10  
50  
10  
D-45  
IOC  
SIGNAL  
HEADPHONES  
LEVEL 0  
LEVEL 0  
POWER  
Operation Manual  
D-75A  
Obtaining Other Language Versions: To obtain information in another language about the use of this product, please contact your  
local Crown Distributor. If you need assistance locating your local distributor, please contact Crown at 574-294-8000.  
This manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible  
situation which may arise during installation, operation or maintenance.  
The information provided in this manual was deemed accurate as of the publication date. However, updates to this information may have  
Trademark Notice: Crown, Amcron and IOC are registered trademarks of Crown International. Other trademarks are the property of  
their respective owners.  
Some models may be exported under the name Amcron.®  
©2003 by Crown Audio Inc., P.O. Box 1000, Elkhart, Indiana 46515-1000 U.S.A. Telephone: 574-294-8000  
125243-6  
2/03  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
Crown International, Inc.  
DECLARATION of CONFORMITY  
Issued By: Crown International, Inc.  
1718 W. Mishawaka Road  
Sue Whitfield  
574-294-8289  
Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.  
European Representative’s Name and Address:  
Nick Owen  
19 Clos Nant Coslech  
Pontprennau  
Cardiff  
CF23 8ND United Kingdom  
Equipment Type: Commercial Audio Power Amplifiers  
Family Name: D Family  
Model Names: D-45, D-75A  
EMC Standards:  
EN 55103-1:1995 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 1: Emissions  
EN 55103-1:1995 Magnetic Field Emissions-Annex A @ 10 cm and 1 M  
EN 61000-3-2:1995+A14:2000 Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (equipment input current 16A per phase)  
EN 61000-3-3:1995 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Supply Systems Rated Current 16A  
EN 55022:1992 + A1: 1995 & A2:1997 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of ITE: Radiated, Class B Limits; Conducted, Class B  
EN 55103-2:1996 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 2: Immunity  
EN 61000-4-2:1995 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity (Environment E2-Criteria B, 4k V Contact, 8k V Air Discharge)  
EN 61000-4-3:1996 Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Immunity (Environment E2, Criteria A)  
EN 61000-4-4:1995 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity (Criteria B)  
EN 61000-4-5:1995 Surge Immunity (Criteria B)  
EN 61000-4-6:1996 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields (Criteria A)  
EN 61000-4-11:1994 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variation  
Safety Standard:  
EN 60065: 1998 Safety Requirements - Audio Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus  
I certify that the product identified above conforms to the requirements of the EMC Council Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC, and the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EES as amended by 93/68/EEC.  
Signed  
Date of Issue: January 1, 2001  
Larry Coburn  
Title: Senior Vice President of Manufacturing  
DUE TO LINE CURRENT HARMONICS, WE RECOMMEND THAT YOU CONTACT YOUR SUPPLY AUTHORITY BEFORE CONNECTION.  
Operation Manual  
page 3  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
Important Safety Instructions .......................................................2  
Declaration of Conformity ...........................................................3  
1 Welcome ..................................................... 5  
1.1 Features ...........................................................................5  
1.2 How to Use This Manual ..................................................5  
2 Setup ......................................................... 6  
2.1 Unpack Your Amplifier......................................................6  
2.2 Install Your Amplifier .......................................................6  
2.3 Ensure Proper Cooling ....................................................6  
2.6 Wire Your System ............................................................8  
2.6.1 Dual Mode ..............................................................8  
2.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode ................................................8  
2.7 Connect to AC Mains .......................................................9  
2.7.1 AC Mains Voltage Configuration ............................9  
2.8 Startup Procedure ............................................................9  
3.1 Precautions ......................................................................10  
3.2 Controls, Indicators and Connectors ...............................11  
3.3 Indicators ........................................................................12  
3.4 Controls ..........................................................................12  
3.5 Fuse Replacement ...........................................................12  
4 Advanced Features and Options ......................... 13  
4.1 Protection ......................................................................13  
4.2 Options ...........................................................................13  
4.2.1 Bridge-Mono Option ..............................................13  
4.2.2 Input-Sensitivity Option ..........................................13  
5 Troubleshooting ............................................ 14  
6 Specifications .............................................. 15  
7 Service ....................................................... 17  
7.1 Worldwide Service ...........................................................17  
7.2 US and Canada Service ...................................................17  
7.2.1 Service at a US or Canada Service Center ..............17  
7.2.2 Factory Service .......................................................17  
7.2.3 Factory Service Shipping Instructions.....................17  
8 Warranty ..................................................... 18  
Crown Factory Service Information Form ....................................21  
page 4  
Operation Manual  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
30  
30  
OFF  
ON  
CHANNEL 1  
CHANNEL 2  
40  
20  
40  
20  
50  
10  
50  
10  
IOC  
SIGNAL  
HEADPHONES  
LEVEL 0  
LEVEL 0  
POWER  
Please take the time to study this manual so  
that you can obtain the best possible service  
from your amplifier.  
Mounts in a standard 19-inch (48.3-cm)  
rack.  
1 Welcome  
Reliability is the first thing you get with your  
Front-panel headphone jack.  
purchase of a Crown power amplifier. The D-45  
and D-75A both deliver dependable operation  
with a wide variety of loads. Because of their  
exceptional reliability, these amplifiers have  
become the leading choice of professionals for  
use in recording studios, laboratories and pub-  
lic facilities. You can even find them on the  
road. Their sonic excellence also makes them a  
very good choice for your personal listening  
pleasure.  
1.1 Features  
Three Year, No-Fault, Fully-Transferable  
Warranty completely protects your invest-  
ment and guarantees its specifications.  
Your dual-channel (stereo) amplifier can  
optionally be configured to deliver double the  
power from a single (mono) channel. It also  
provides the following features:  
1.2 How to Use This Manual  
This manual provides you with the necessary  
information to safely and correctly setup and  
operate your amplifier. It does not cover every  
aspect of installation, setup or operation that  
might occur under every condition. For addi-  
tional information, please consult Crown’s  
Amplifier Application Guide (available online at  
port, your system installer or retailer.  
Powerful AB+B class circuitry yields maxi-  
mum efficiency with minimum crossover  
“notch” distortion.  
IOC® (Input/Output Comparator) alerts of  
any distortion that exceeds 0.05% to pro-  
vide proof of distortion-free performance.  
The D-45 and D-75A amplifiers are compact  
and provide ultra-low distortion for medium  
power applications. Crown’s advanced AB+B  
circuitry ensures efficient operation and pro-  
tects against shorted, open, mismatched or  
low-impedance loads that can affect any ampli-  
fier’s performance.  
Signal presence indicators verify the pres-  
ence of amplifier output.  
We strongly recommend you read all instruc-  
tions, warnings and cautions contained in this  
manual. Also, for your protection, please send  
in your warranty registration card today. And  
save your bill of sale — it’s your official proof  
of purchase.  
Detented level controls for precise repeat-  
ability.  
Modern power amplifiers are sophisticated  
pieces of engineering capable of producing  
extremely high power levels. They must be  
treated with respect and correctly installed if  
they are to provide the many years of reliable  
service for which they were designed.  
Ultra-low harmonic and intermodulation  
distortion result in the best dynamic trans-  
fer function in the industry.  
Very low noise and wide dynamic range.  
High damping factor provides exceptional  
loudspeaker motion control.  
In addition, D Series amplifiers include a num-  
ber of features which require some explanation  
before they can be used to their maximum  
advantage.  
Convection cooling system eliminates fan  
noise and maintenance.  
Operation Manual  
page 5  
 
   
D Series Power Amplifiers  
2 Setup  
2.2 Install Your Amplifier  
2.1 Unpack Your Amplifier  
2.3 Ensure Proper Cooling  
CAUTION: Before you begin, make sure your  
amplifier is disconnected from the power  
source, with the power switch in the “off”  
position and all level controls turned com-  
pletely down (counterclockwise).  
Please unpack and inspect your amplifier for any  
damage that may have occurred during transit. If  
damage is found, notify the transportation company  
immediately. Only you can initiate a claim for ship-  
ping damage. Crown will be happy to help as  
needed. Save the shipping carton as evidence of  
damage for the shipper’s inspection.  
When using an equipment rack, do not mount units  
directly on top of each other. Allow some air space  
between units for convection cooling. The side  
walls of the rack should be a minimum of two  
inches (5.1 cm) away from the amplifier sides, and  
the back of the rack should be a minimum of four  
inches (10.2 cm) from the amplifier back panel.  
Use a standard 19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment rack  
(EIA RS-310B). See Figure 2.1 for amplifier dimen-  
sions.  
We also recommend that you save all packing mate-  
rials so you will have them if you ever need to trans-  
port the unit. Never ship the unit without the  
factory pack.  
Figure 2.2 illustrates D Series amplifier  
installation.  
You may also stack amps without using a  
cabinet.  
NOTE: When transporting, amplifiers should be  
supported at the front.  
YOU WILL NEED (not supplied):  
Input wiring cables  
Output wiring cables  
Rack for mounting amplifier (or a stable surface for  
stacking)  
WARNING: Before you start to set up your  
amplifier, make sure you read and observe  
the Important Safety Instructions found at  
the beginning of this  
manual.  
Figure 2.2 Installation  
Figure 2.1 D-45 and D-75A Dimensions  
page 6  
Operation Manual  
 
         
D Series Power Amplifiers  
2 Setup  
2.4 Choose Input Wire  
and Connectors  
Figure 2.3 shows connector pin assignments for  
balanced wiring, and Figure 2.4 shows connec-  
tor pin assignments for unbalanced wiring.  
NOTE: Custom wiring should only be per-  
formed by qualified personnel.  
Figure 2.4 Unbalanced  
Input Connector  
Wiring  
Figure 2.3 Balanced  
Input Connector  
Wiring  
2.5 Choose Output Wire and  
Connectors  
Crown recommends using professionally con-  
structed, high-  
quality, two- or four-conductor, heavy gauge  
speaker wire and connectors. You may use ter-  
minal forks or bare wire for your output connec-  
tors (see Figure 2.5). To prevent the possibility  
of short-circuits, wrap or otherwise insulate  
exposed loudspeaker cable and connectors.  
Using the guidelines below, select the appropri-  
ate size of wire based on the distance from  
amplifier to speaker.  
Distance  
up to 25 ft.  
26-40 ft.  
Wire Size  
16 AWG  
14 AWG  
12 AWG  
10 AWG  
41-60 ft.  
Over 60 ft.  
CAUTION: Never use shielded cable for  
output wiring.  
Figure 2.5 Output Connector Wiring  
Operation Manual  
page 7  
 
         
D Series Power Amplifiers  
2 Setup  
2.6 Wire Your System  
2.6.1 Dual Mode  
Typical input and output wiring is shown in Figure 2.6.  
INPUTS: Connect input wiring for each channel.  
OUTPUTS: Maintain proper polarity (+/-) on output connec-  
tors.  
Figure 2.6  
System Wiring  
for Dual Mode  
Connect Channel 1 positive (+) speaker load to Channel 1  
positive terminal of amp; repeat for negative (-). Repeat each  
channel wiring as for Channel 1. Refer to Section 2.5 for out-  
put connector pin assignments.  
2.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode  
Your amplifier is factory-configured for dual (stereo) opera-  
tion. As an option, the unit can be configured for higher  
power, single-channel, bridge-mono mode by an authorized  
Crown Service Center. To prevent damage to the  
amplifier, do not operate the unit in bridge-mono  
mode without the Service Center modification.  
Typical input and output wiring is shown in Figure 2.7.  
INPUTS: Connect input wiring only to CH 1.  
Do not wire the amplifier in bridge-mono  
mode without having it modified by an  
authorized Crown Service Center.  
OUTPUTS: Connect the speaker across the positive output  
terminals. Do not use the negative terminals when the ampli-  
fier is being operated in Bridge-Mono mode.  
NOTE: Crown provides a reference of wiring pin assign-  
ments for commonly used connector types in the Crown  
dio.com.  
Figure 2.7  
System Wiring  
for Bridge-Mono  
Mode  
NOTE: When operating in Bridge-Mono mode, turn  
down (full CCW) the CH 2 level control. The CH 1  
level control works both channels.  
If your loudspeakers don’t need the additional volt-  
age, and you only have one input signal to drive mul-  
tiple loudspeakers, you can use bridge-mono mode  
without actually bridging the outputs. Bridge-mono  
mode is like dual mode except the channel 1 input  
feeds both outputs, and the channel 2 output is  
inverted. To use bridge-mono mode without bridging  
the outputs, wire your loudspeakers as you would for  
dual mode, but invert the polarity of the channel 2  
output wiring (positive goes to negative, and negative  
goes to positive).  
page 8  
Operation Manual  
 
     
D Series Power Amplifiers  
2 Setup  
used at other voltages and frequencies. Interna-  
tional units can be operated with an AC mains  
frequency of 50 to 400 Hz, and can be config-  
ured by an authorized Crown Service Center for  
five different line voltages: 100, 120, 200, 220  
and 240 VAC. The back panel sticker indicates  
the unit’s factory configuration.  
2.7 Connect to AC Mains  
Connect your amplifier to the AC mains power  
source (power outlet) with the supplied AC  
power cordset.  
WARNING: The third prong of this con-  
nector (ground) is an important safety  
feature. Do not attempt to disable this  
ground connection by using an adapter  
or other methods.  
To alter your amplifier’s AC mains voltage con-  
figuration, take the unit to an authorized Crown  
Service Center.  
Amplifiers don’t create energy. The AC mains  
voltage and current must be sufficient to deliver  
the power you expect. You must operate your  
amplifier from an AC mains power source with  
not more than a 10% variation above or a 15%  
variation below the amplifier’s specified line  
voltage and within the specfied frequency  
requirements (indicated on the amplifier’s back  
panel label). If you are unsure of the output  
voltage of your AC mains, please consult your  
electrician.  
2.8 Startup Procedure  
Use the following procedure when first turning  
on your amplifier:  
1. Turn down the level of your audio source.  
2. Turn down the Level controls of the ampli-  
fier.  
3. Turn on the “Power” switch. The Power  
indicator should glow.  
4. Turn up the level of your audio source to  
an optimum level.  
2.7.1 AC Mains Voltage Configura-  
tion  
5. Turn up the Level controls on the amplifier  
until the desired loudness or power level is  
achieved.  
North American 120 VAC, 60 Hz units have a  
standard three wire, grounded AC plug as  
specified by UL requirements. The 120 volt  
models and the European models have the  
appropriate plug. The other 200, 220 and 240  
volt models have a North American 120 volt  
plug. The installer must cut off the plug and  
supply and install a plug appropriate for the  
installation. Note: Crown assumes no liability  
whatsoever for ungrounded operation, nor for  
violation of UL or local electrical codes.  
6. Turn down the level of your audio source  
to its normal range.  
If you ever need to make any wiring or installa-  
tion changes, don’t forget to disconnect the  
power cord.  
For help with determining your system’s opti-  
mum gain structure (signal levels) please refer  
to the Crown Amplifier Application Guide,  
120 VAC, 60 Hz North American units do not  
have a convertible transformer, and cannot be  
Operation Manual  
page 9  
 
   
D Series Power Amplifiers  
3 Operation  
5. WARNING: Never connect the output to  
a power supply, battery or power main.  
Electrical shock may result.  
3.1 Precautions  
Your amplifier is protected from internal and exter-  
nal faults, but you should still take the following  
precautions for optimum performance and safety:  
6. Tampering with the circuitry, or making unau-  
thorized circuit changes may be hazardous and  
invalidates all agency listings.  
1. Before use, your amplifier first must be config-  
ured for proper operation, including input and  
output wiring hookup. Improper wiring can  
result in serious operating difficulties. For  
information on wiring and configuration, please  
consult the Setup section of this manual or, for  
advanced setup techniques, consult Crown’s  
Amplifier Application Guide available online at  
7. Do not operate the amplifier with the IOC LEDs  
constantly flashing.  
8. Do not overdrive the mixer, which will cause  
clipped signal to be sent to the amplifier. Such  
signals will be reproduced with extreme accu-  
racy, and loudspeaker damage may result.  
9. Do not operate the amplifier with less than the  
rated load impedance. Due to the amplifier’s  
output protection, such a configuration may  
result in premature clipping and speaker dam-  
age.  
2. Use care when making connections, selecting  
signal sources and controlling the output level.  
The load you save may be your own!  
3. Do not short the ground lead of an output cable  
to the input signal ground. This may form a  
ground loop and cause oscillations.  
Remember: Crown is not liable for damage that  
results from overdriving other system components.  
4. WARNING: Headphone jack supplies full  
output voltage. Always turn level down  
(full CCW) before listening through  
headphones; otherwise headphone or  
hearing damage may result.  
page 10  
Operation Manual  
 
   
D Series Power Amplifiers  
3 Operation  
WARNING: HEADPHONE JACK  
SUPPLIES FULL OUTPUT POWER AND  
MAY DAMAGE HEADPHONES OR  
CAUSE HEARING DAMAGE.  
3.2 Controls, Indicators and Con-  
nectors  
Figure Figure 3.1 shows the controls, indica-  
tors and connectors on the front panel and back  
panel of the D-75A. The D-45 layout is similar.  
Figure 3.1 Front and Back Views  
Operation Manual  
page 11  
 
   
D Series Power Amplifiers  
3 Operation  
3.3 Indicators  
the unit’s fuse, you should be sure to fix the  
source of the problem. If the problem is not  
immediately apparent, the unit probably needs  
to be serviced by a qualified technician.  
Your amplifier has five front panel indicators.  
First, a power indicator behind the front panel  
becomes visible when the unit is turned on and  
has power. A signal indicator for each channel  
(Figure 3.2 ) flashes when there is output from  
the amplifier. The IOC (Input/Output Compara-  
tor) indicators work like sensitive distortion  
meters and flash when the amplifier causes any  
distortion of 0.05% or more. The IOC indica-  
tors typically glow for about one minute after  
the AC power is turned off.  
WARNING: Always unplug the amplifier  
from the AC mains before removing the  
fuse.  
To replace the fuse, turn off the power switch  
and disconnect the power plug from the AC  
mains. Unscrew the fuse holder cap (shown in  
Figure 3.1, back view) and remove the fuse.  
Install appropriate fuse:  
3.4 Controls  
100 or 120 volt mains: 2 Amp type 3AG.  
A power switch and detented level controls are  
located on the front panel. When you power up  
the amplifier, remember that the unit does not  
have a turn-on delay. Each channel has its own  
level control which is used to adjust the desired  
output level. Both level controls (Figure 3.2)  
are used in dual mode, but only the channel 1  
control should be used in bridge-mono mode.  
Channel 2 control should be fully counter-  
clockwise in bridge-mono mode.  
North American 200, 220 and 240 volt mains: 1  
Amp type 3AG.  
Figure 3.2  
Indicators and Level  
Controls  
European 220 or 240 volt mains: 1 Amp IEC  
type T, time lag, low breaking capacity.  
Then, simply resecure the fuse holder cap and  
reconnect the AC mains.  
IMPORTANT: Never install a fuse that  
has a higher current rating than the rec-  
ommended value.  
3.5 Fuse Replacement  
The AC mains fuse is located on the back panel  
beside the power cord. This fuse will not blow  
unless something is wrong. Before replacing  
IMPORTANT: The 3AG and IEC fuses are  
different physical sizes and require dif-  
ferent holder caps. The 3AG and IEC  
fuses should not be exchanged even  
though they are the same value.  
.
page 12  
Operation Manual  
 
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
4 Advanced Features  
and Options  
4.2 Options  
NOTE: For detailed information about  
these Crown amplifier features, please  
consult the Crown Amplifier Application  
Guide, available on the Crown website  
4.2.1 Bridge-Mono Option  
Your amplifier is factory-set for dual (stereo)  
operation. As an option, you may have the unit  
configured for higher-power, single-channel,  
bridge-mono operation. If you want the bridge-  
mono modification, take the unit to an autho-  
rized Crown Service Center.  
4.1 Protection  
Your amplifier is protected against all common  
hazards that plague high-power amplifiers,  
including shorted, open or mismatched loads;  
overloaded power supplies, chain destruction  
phenomena, input overload and high-frequency  
blowups.  
IMPORTANT: Critical differences  
between dual and mono wiring are  
described in Section 2.6.2.  
4.2.2 Input-Sensitivity Option  
Protection against shorted and mismatched  
loads is provided by an instantaneous limiter  
that automatically limits current to the maxi-  
mum safe value for the output transistors. With  
a loudspeaker, you can tell the amplifier has  
activated load protection because it causes  
audible distortion. The noise might be com-  
pared to crossover notch distortion or a snap-  
ping sound, depending on the load  
The input sensitivity of your amplifier is fac-  
tory-set to 26 dB gain. As an option, the unit  
can be set to an input sensitivity of 0.775 volt  
by an authorized Crown Service center.  
For most applications, the amplifier’s default  
setting of 26 dB gain will be ideal. With this  
default setting, full output power is achieved  
with an input signal of 0.632 volts for the D-45,  
and 0.837 volts for the D-75A.  
characteristics. Loudspeaker systems with  
impedances of 4 ohms or higher should not  
activate the protection system.  
Some applications may require the gain struc-  
ture to be calculated based on a sensitivity of  
0.775 volts. And although the 26 dB gain set-  
ting provides a sensitivity for each amplifier  
that is very near 0.775 volts, the 0.775-volt  
sensitivity setting is provided for applications  
that demand this sensitivity with a high level of  
precision.  
All voltage amplification circuitry is designed to  
limit current. So in the extremely unlikely event  
of a device failure, the amplifier will prevent fur-  
ther damage. The input stages are protected  
from overload damage by series resistors. The  
unit also features a controlled slew rate and a  
V-I limiter that protect the amplifier from high-  
frequency (RF) blowups.  
A Crown Service Center can activate the 0.775  
volt input sensitivity without voiding the war-  
ranty.  
Operation Manual  
page 13  
 
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
5 Troubleshooting  
CONDITION: Power indicator is off.  
CONDITION: No sound, even though  
the amp has power. Power LED is on and  
the amp is receiving an input signal. Signal  
indicator is flashing.  
POSSIBLE REASON  
The amplifier has lost AC power.  
The amplifier’s Power switch is off.  
POSSIBLE REASON:  
The amplifier is not plugged into the  
power receptacle.  
Speakers not connected.  
Open circuit due to speaker failure.  
The amplifier output level is so high that  
the power supply fuse has blown. Verify  
that input levels and output impedances  
are within safe ranges. Refer the unit to  
an authorized Crown service center for  
fuse replacement.  
There is a short on the amplifier  
output. First disconnect your speakers  
from the affected channel(s) one by one  
to determine if one of the loads is  
shorted.  
CONDITION: Distorted sound.  
POSSIBLE REASON:  
Load is wired incorrectly.  
Input signal level is too high. Turn down  
your amplifier level controls, or turn  
down the input signal, until the clip light  
goes out.  
CONDITION: No input signal.  
(Signal indicator is not flashing even though  
audio is applied).  
Note: If the signal sounds distorted even  
though the Clip LED is off, the input signal is  
distorted. Check gain staging and output lev-  
els of the mixer or preamp.  
POSSIBLE REASON:  
Input signal level is very low.  
Level controls are turned down.  
page 14  
Operation Manual  
 
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
6 Specifications  
Minimum Guaranteed Power  
D-45  
D-75A  
120V/60 Hz Units, Dual mode, per channel, both channels driven  
1 kHz with 0.1% THD  
4 ohms  
8 ohms  
35W  
25W  
20W  
55W  
40W  
25W  
16 ohms  
120V/60 Hz Units, Bridge mono mode  
1 kHz with 0.1% THD  
8 ohms  
16 ohms  
70W  
50W  
110W  
80W  
Performance  
Frequency Response (at 1 watt, 20Hz - 20 kHz)  
D D-455  
0.1 dB  
D- D-75AA  
0.1 dB  
Phase Response (at 1 watt, 20Hz - 20 kHz)  
+10° to -15°  
106 dB unweighted  
< 0.05%  
+10° to -15°  
106 dB unweighted  
< 0.05%  
Signal to Noise Ratio (below rated power, 20 Hz to 20 kHz)  
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) at 1 watt, from 20 Hz to 20 kHz  
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) 60 Hz and 7 kHz at 4:1,  
from.25 watts to full bandwidth power  
< 0.01%  
< 0.01%  
Damping Factor: DC to 400 Hz  
> 400  
>100 dB  
> 400  
> 100 dB  
Crosstalk (below rated power, 100 Hz to 1 kHz)  
Input Impedance nominally balanced, nominally unbalanced  
20 kilohms, 10 kilohms  
20 kilohms, 10 kilohms  
Load Impedance (Note: Safe with all types of loads)  
Stereo  
Bridge Mono  
4-16 ohms  
8-16 ohms  
4-16 ohms  
8-16 ohms  
Required AC Mains  
North American units  
International units  
120 VAC, 60 Hz  
100, 120, 200, 220, and 240 VAC ( 10%), 50 to 400 Hz  
depending on the transformer configuration  
120 VAC, 60 Hz  
100, 120, 200, 220, and 240 VAC ( 10%), 50 to 400 Hz  
depending on the transformer configuration  
Power Draw at Idle  
15 W or less  
15 W or less  
Cooling  
Convection cooled through chassis and front panel  
19 in. (48.3 cm) x 1.75 in. (4.5 cm) x 8.5 in. (21.6 cm)  
8 lb. 11 oz. (3.9 kg), 10 lb. 9 oz. (5.1 kg)  
Convection cooled through chassis and front panel  
19 in. (48.3 cm) x 1.75 in. (4.5 cm) x 8.5 in. (21.6 cm)  
9 lb. 7 oz. (4.3 kg), 11 lb. 4 oz. (5.1 kg)  
Dimensions: Width, Height, Depth  
Net Weight, Shipping Weight  
Operation Manual  
page 15  
 
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
6 Specifications  
D-45  
Max. Aver-  
age Power at  
0.1% THD  
Single-Cycle Tone Burst  
Watts at < 0.05% THD  
(See note 3)  
40 mS Tone Burst  
Watts at < 0.05% THD  
(See note 4)  
EIA Watts at  
1% THD  
(See note 5)  
FTC Continuous  
Average Power at 0.1% THD  
(See note 1)  
Configuration and Load  
(ohms)  
(See note 2)  
20Hz-20kHz  
1 kHz  
1 kHz  
20 Hz  
50 Hz  
1 kHz  
20 Hz  
50 Hz  
1 kHz  
1 kHz  
4
8
35  
25  
20  
70  
50  
40  
25  
20  
85  
50  
50  
30  
75  
35  
55  
40  
20  
85  
50  
60  
40  
20  
85  
50  
60  
40  
20  
85  
55  
35  
25  
20  
70  
50  
Dual  
20  
20  
25  
20  
(both channels  
driven)  
16  
8
20  
20  
105  
60  
145  
70  
Bridge-Mono  
(balanced output)  
16  
40  
50  
Figure 6.1 D-45 Power Matrix  
D-75A  
Max. Aver-  
Single-Cycle Tone Burst  
Watts at < 0.05% THD  
(See note 3)  
40 mS Tone Burst  
Watts at < 0.05% THD  
(See note 4)  
EIA Watts at  
1% THD  
(See note 5)  
FTC Continuous  
Average Power at 0.1% THD  
(See note 1)  
age Power at  
0.1% THD  
Configuration and Load  
(ohms)  
(See note 2)  
20Hz-20kHz  
1 kHz  
1 kHz  
20 Hz  
50 Hz  
1 kHz  
20 Hz  
50 Hz  
1 kHz  
1 kHz  
4
45  
35  
25  
95  
70  
50  
40  
55  
40  
65  
45  
85  
50  
120  
60  
65  
45  
70  
45  
70  
45  
55  
40  
Dual  
(both channels  
driven)  
8
16  
8
25  
25  
25  
30  
30  
25  
25  
25  
25  
105  
75  
110  
80  
140  
90  
165  
100  
235  
130  
140  
90  
140  
90  
140  
95  
105  
75  
Bridge-Mono  
(balanced output)  
16  
Figure 6.2 D-75A Power Matrix  
Notes:  
All power matrix specifications are based on a 0.1% regulated 120 VAC, 60 Hz power mains and an ambient room temperature of 70° F (21° C).  
1. Continuous power in the context of Federal Trade Commission testing is understood to be a minimum of five minutes of operation. Harmonic distortion is measured at the RMS sum total as a percentage of the fundamental output voltage. This applies for  
all wattages greater than 0.25 watts.  
2. A 1 kHz sine wave is presented to the amplifier and the output monitored for nonlinear distortion. The level is increased until the THD reaches 0.1%. At this level the average power per channel is reported.  
3. A single cycle sine wave is presented to the amplifier and monitored for nonlinear distortion. The average power during the burst is reported. Loudspeakers must be able to withstand this level if they are to be safely used with this amplifier.  
4. A 40 millisecond burst or a two cycle sine wave (whichever is of greater duration) is used and the power computed as the average power during the burst. The duty cycle of this test is 10 percent. This power level is a measure of how loud an amplifier is  
as perceived by the human ear.  
5. EIA standard RS-490 (both channels driven).  
page 16  
Operation Manual  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
7 Service  
7.2.2 Factory Service  
Crown amplifiers are quality units that rarely require  
servicing. Before returning your unit for servicing,  
please contact Crown Technical Support to verify  
the need for servicing.  
Container. Minimum recommended require-  
ments for materials are as follows: 275 P.S.I.  
burst test Double-Wall carton that allows for 2-  
inch solid Styrofoam on all six sides of unit or  
3 inches of plastic bubble wrap on all six sides  
of unit; securely seal the package with an ade-  
quate carton sealing tape. Do not use light  
boxes or “peanuts.” Damage caused by poor  
packing cannot be covered under warranty.  
To obtain factory service, fill out the service infor-  
mation page found in the back of this manual and  
send it along with your proof of purchase and the  
defective unit to the Crown factory.  
This unit has very sophisticated circuitry which  
should only be serviced by a fully trained techni-  
cian. This is one reason why each unit bears the fol-  
lowing label:  
For warranty service, we will pay for ground ship-  
ping both ways in the United States. Contact Crown  
Customer Service to obtain prepaid shipping labels  
prior to sending the unit. Or, if you prefer, you may  
prepay the cost of shipping, and Crown will reim-  
burse you. Send copies of the shipping receipts to  
Crown to receive reimbursement.  
CAUTION: To prevent electric shock, do not  
remove covers. No user serviceable parts  
inside. Refer servicing to a qualified techni-  
cian.  
4. Do not ship the unit in any kind of cabinet  
(wood or metal). Ignoring this warning may  
result in extensive damage to the unit and the  
cabinet. Accessories are not needed—do not  
send the product documentation, cables and  
other hardware.  
Your repaired unit will be returned via UPS ground.  
Please contact us if other arrangements are  
required.  
7.1 Worldwide Service  
Service may be obtained from an authorized service  
center. (Contact your local Crown/Amcron repre-  
sentative or our office for a list of authorized service  
centers.) To obtain service, simply present the bill of  
sale as proof of purchase along with the defective  
unit to an authorized service center. They will handle  
the necessary paperwork and repair.  
If you have any questions, please contact Crown  
Factory Service.  
7.2.3 Factory Service Shipping  
Instructions:  
Crown Factory Service  
1718 W. Mishawaka Rd.,  
Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.  
1. Before sending a Crown product to the factory  
for service, first call the Crown Service Depart-  
ment for a return authorization (RA) number.  
Telephone: 574-294-8200  
800-342-6939 (North America,  
Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands only)  
Remember to transport your unit in the original fac-  
tory pack.  
2. Be sure to fill out the service information form  
that follows and enclose it with your shipment,  
either inside the box or in a packing slip enve-  
lope securely attached to the outside of the  
shipping carton. Do not send the service infor-  
mation form separately. If you are sending the  
unit from a Shipping Center, we recommend  
taping the form to the product. We also recom-  
mend recording the serial number and model  
before shipping for your reference.  
7.2 US and Canada Service  
Facsimile:  
574-294-8301 (Technical Support)  
574-294-8124 (Factory Service)  
Service may be obtained in one of two ways: from  
an authorized service center or from the factory. You  
may choose either. It is important that you have your  
copy of the bill of sale as your proof of purchase.  
Internet:  
7.2.1 Service at a US or Canada Ser-  
vice Center  
3. To ensure the safe transportation of your unit to  
the factory, ship it in an original factory packing  
container. If you don’t have the original carton,  
you may obtain a product service foam-in-  
place shipping pack from the Crown Factory  
Service Department at the number listed below.  
For non-warranty service, you may also pro-  
vide your own shipping pack, however we still  
recommend using a Crown Supplied Shipping  
This method usually saves the most time and effort.  
Simply present your bill of sale along with the  
defective unit to an authorized service center to  
obtain service. They will handle the necessary  
paperwork and repair. Remember to transport the  
unit in the original factory pack. A list of authorized  
service centers in your area can be obtained from  
calling Crown Customer Service.  
Operation Manual  
page 17  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
8 Warranty  
UNITED STATES & CANADA  
est, insurance, closing costs, and other finance  
charges less a reasonable depreciation on the  
product from the date of original purchase. War-  
ranty work can only be performed at our autho-  
rized service centers or at the factory. Warranty  
work for some products can only be performed at  
our factory. We will remedy the defect and ship  
the product from the service center or our factory  
within a reasonable time after receipt of the  
defective product at our authorized service center  
or our factory. All expenses in remedying the  
defect, including surface shipping costs in the  
United States, will be borne by us. (You must  
bear the expense of shipping the product  
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY  
FROM ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PROD-  
UCT. THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER  
PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM  
SUCH A DEFECT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW  
THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATIONS OF INCIDEN-  
TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE  
ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT  
APPLY TO YOU.  
Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road,  
Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to  
you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUB-  
SEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown product,  
for a period of three (3) years from the date of  
purchase by the original purchaser (the “warranty  
period”) that the new Crown product is free of  
defects in materials and workmanship. We further  
warrant the new Crown product regardless of the  
reason for failure, except as excluded in this War-  
ranty.  
WARRANTY ALTERATIONS  
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or  
modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty  
is not extended by the length of time which you are  
deprived of the use of the new Crown product.  
Repairs and replacement parts provided under the  
terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the  
unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty.  
ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS  
CROWN WARRANTY  
between any foreign country and the port of entry  
in the United States including the return ship-  
ment, and all taxes, duties, and other customs  
fees for such foreign shipments.)  
This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of  
a new Crown product which occurred within the  
Warranty Period. It does not cover any product  
which has been damaged because of any inten-  
tional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which  
is covered under any of your insurance contracts.  
This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the  
new Crown product if the serial number has been  
defaced, altered, or removed.  
DESIGN CHANGES  
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY  
SERVICE  
We reserve the right to change the design of any  
product from time to time without notice and with  
no obligation to make corresponding changes in  
products previously manufactured.  
You must notify us of your need for warranty ser-  
vice within the warranty period. All components  
must be shipped in a factory pack, which, if  
needed, may be obtained from us free of charge.  
Corrective action will be taken within a reason-  
able time of the date of receipt of the defective  
product by us or our authorized service center. If  
the repairs made by us or our authorized service  
center are not satisfactory, notify us or our autho-  
rized service center immediately.  
LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER  
WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO  
THIS CROWN WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC  
LEGAL RIGHTS, YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER  
RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. No  
action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be com-  
menced after expiration of the warranty period.  
We will remedy any defect, regardless of the rea-  
son for failure (except as excluded), by repair,  
replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund  
unless you agree, or unless we are unable to pro-  
vide replacement, and repair is not practical or  
cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then  
you must make the defective or malfunctioning  
product available to us free and clear of all liens  
or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal  
to the actual purchase price, not including inter-  
THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES  
ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR  
DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUEN-  
TIAL AND INCIDENTAL DAMAGES  
CROWN PRODUCTS.  
12/01  
YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM  
US ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING  
page 18  
Operation Manual  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
8 Warranty  
WORLDWIDE EXCEPT USA & CANADA  
SUMMARY OF WARRANTY  
replacement, or refund. We may not elect refund  
unless you agree, or unless we are unable to pro-  
vide replacement, and repair is not practical or  
cannot be timely made. If a refund is elected, then  
you must make the defective or malfunctioning  
product available to us free and clear of all liens  
or other encumbrances. The refund will be equal  
to the actual purchase price, not including inter-  
est, insurance, closing costs, and other finance  
charges less a reasonable depreciation on the  
product from the date of original purchase. War-  
ranty work can only be performed at our autho-  
rized service centers. We will remedy the defect  
and ship the product from the service center  
within a reasonable time after receipt of the defec-  
tive product at our authorized service center.  
DISCLAIMER OF CONSEQUENTIAL AND  
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES  
Crown International, 1718 West Mishawaka Road,  
Elkhart, Indiana 46517-4095 U.S.A. warrants to  
you, the ORIGINAL PURCHASER and ANY SUB-  
SEQUENT OWNER of each NEW Crown1 product,  
for a period of three (3) years from the date of pur-  
chase by the original purchaser (the “warranty  
period”) that the new Crown product is free of  
defects in materials and workmanship, and we  
further warrant the new Crown product regardless  
of the reason for failure, except as excluded in this  
Warranty.  
YOU ARE NOT ENTITLED TO RECOVER FROM US  
ANY INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM  
ANY DEFECT IN THE NEW CROWN PRODUCT.  
THIS INCLUDES ANY DAMAGE TO ANOTHER  
PRODUCT OR PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM  
SUCH A DEFECT.  
WARRANTY ALTERATIONS  
No person has the authority to enlarge, amend, or  
modify this Crown Warranty. This Crown Warranty  
is not extended by the length of time which you are  
deprived of the use of the new Crown product.  
Repairs and replacement parts provided under the  
terms of this Crown Warranty shall carry only the  
unexpired portion of this Crown Warranty.  
1
Note: If your unit bears the name “Amcron,” please substitute  
it for the name “Crown” in this warranty.  
ITEMS EXCLUDED FROM THIS CROWN-  
WARRANTY  
HOW TO OBTAIN WARRANTY SERVICE  
You must notify your local Crown importer of  
your need for warranty service within the warranty  
period. All components must be shipped in the  
original box. Corrective action will be taken within  
a reasonable time of the date of receipt of the  
defective product by our authorized service center.  
If the repairs made by our authorized service cen-  
ter are not satisfactory, notify our authorized ser-  
vice center immediately.  
This Crown Warranty is in effect only for failure of  
a new Crown product which occurred within the  
Warranty Period. It does not cover any product  
which has been damaged because of any inten-  
tional misuse, accident, negligence, or loss which  
is covered under any of your insurance contracts.  
This Crown Warranty also does not extend to the  
new Crown product if the serial number has been  
defaced, altered, or removed.  
DESIGN CHANGES  
We reserve the right to change the design of any  
product from time to time without notice and with  
no obligation to make corresponding changes in  
products previously manufactured.  
LEGAL REMEDIES OF PURCHASER  
No action to enforce this Crown Warranty shall be  
commenced after expiration of the warranty  
period.  
WHAT THE WARRANTOR WILL DO  
We will remedy any defect, regardless of the rea-  
son for failure (except as excluded), by repair,  
THIS STATEMENT OF WARRANTY SUPERSEDES  
ANY OTHERS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL FOR  
CROWN PRODUCTS.  
7/01  
Operation Manual  
page 19  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
NOTES  
page 20  
Operation Manual  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
Crown Factory Service Information  
Shipping Address: Crown Factory Service, 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, IN 46517  
Phone: 1-800-342-6939 or 1-574-294-8200 Fax: 1-574-294-8124  
Owner’s Name : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
Shipping Address: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
Phone Number: ________________________________Fax Number: ________________________________ Email ________________________________________________________________________________  
Model: __________________________________________________________________________________ Serial Number: ________________________________________________________________________  
Purchase Date : ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
NATURE OF PROBLEM  
(Be sure to describe the conditions that existed when the problem occurred and what attempts were made to correct it.)  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
Other equipment in system: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  
If warranty has expired, payment will be: ! Cash/Check  
! Visa  
! Master Card  
! C.O.D.  
! Purchase Order for Crown Dealer  
Card Number:___________________________________ Exp. Date:___________________  
Signature:______________________________________________________________________  
ENCLOSE THIS PORTION WITH THE UNIT. DO NOT MAIL SEPARATELY.  
Operation Manual  
page 21  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK  
page 22  
Operation Manual  
 
D Series Power Amplifiers  
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK  
Operation Manual  
page 23  
 
 

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